Before a product is labeled organic, a certifier must inspect it to make sure it meets USDA Organic Standards. These standards were developed in the late 1980s after the organic industry petitioned Congress to draft the Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) to define organic. The act:
- Establishes consistent national standards governing the marketing of certain agricultural products produced organically.
- Assures consumers that products meet the standards
- Makes the process of commerce easier for organically produced fresh and processed food.
Under the law, the USDA had to write regulations for producers, handlers and certifiers seeking regulation and certification. To assist in the creation of this regulation, The National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) was established. The members of the board are appointed by the USDA. The board is made up of a cross-section of individuals representing different aspect of the industry. The NOSB includes four farmers, one retailer, two processors/handlers, three consumer/public-interest advocates, one scientist, a certifying agent and three environmentalists. Third party certifiers are also accredited by the USDA.
Having people with a vested-interest in the industry on the board helps to balance the interests of all parties and maintain the integrity of the industry. On December 21, 2000, the USDA came up with the final regulation to implement national organic standards. It established an 18-month implementation program and by the end of October 2002, anyone wishing to be part of the organic industry had to abide by these rules. The regulation prohibits the use of sewage sludge, irradiation or GMO (a genetically modified organism); reflects the NOSB’s recommendations of allowed and prohibited synthetic and natural substances; requires 100% organic feed for organic livestock; and finally, prohibits antibiotics in meat and poultry.
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